GOST 21354-87 PDF

Full title and description

GOST 21354-87 — Передачи зубчатые цилиндрические эвольвентные внешнего зацепления. Расчет на прочность / Cylindrical involute gears (external engagement). Strength calculation. The standard specifies calculation methods and design dependencies used to determine contact (surface) strength and bending strength of teeth for involute cylindrical metal gears of external engagement for general industrial applications.

Abstract

GOST 21354-87 provides formulae, coefficients, tables and nomograms for strength calculation of involute cylindrical gears in external engagement. It covers contact (pitting) strength of tooth flanks and bending strength of teeth for gears with basic rack according to GOST 13755-81, intended for metal gears with module m ≥ 1 mm, operating with oil lubrication and peripheral speeds up to 25 m/s. The standard includes recommended load factors (dynamic, distribution, concentration), hardness and material considerations, and normative references to related GOSTs.

General information

• Status: Introduced (Soviet GOST); listed as the 1987 edition in force (replaces GOST 21354-75).
• Publication date: Approved 27 October 1987; date of official introduction 1 January 1989 (date of entry into force).
• Publisher: Издательство стандартов (Publishing House of Standards), Moscow — original Soviet publication (late 1980s).
• ICS / categories: Mechanical systems and components for general use — Gears (ICS 21.200). (Also catalogued in national classification groups such as OKSTU 0073 / Group G02).
• Edition / version: GOST 21354-87 (original Soviet edition; commonly cited as introduced 1989).
• Number of pages: Published editions are commonly listed in the range ~125–130 pages (sources report 125, 129 or 130 pages depending on print/format).

Scope

The standard applies to involute cylindrical gears (external engagement) of general industrial use and establishes the main calculation relationships for determining: (1) contact (surface/pitting) strength of active tooth surfaces; and (2) tooth strength in bending. It is intended for metal gears with an initial contour per GOST 13755-81, module m ≥ 1 mm, working with oil lubrication and peripheral speeds v ≤ 25 m/s. The document includes coefficient tables, nomograms and appendices for helical (skew) gears and refined calculations.

Key topics and requirements

• Calculation of contact (surface/pitting) stresses and allowable values.
• Bending-strength calculation of gear teeth (tooth root stress) with safety factors.
• Definitions and use of load and service factors: dynamic factor, load-distribution (face-width) factor, concentration factor, service/operating mode factors.
• Material and hardness considerations (including Vickers hardness ranges), and their influence on allowable stresses.
• Reference geometry and compatibility with basic rack profile (GOST 13755-81) and related geometry calculation rules.
• Tables, nomograms and recommended procedures for straight and helical (skew) gears; appendices with example calculations and correction factors.

Typical use and users

GOST 21354-87 is used by mechanical design engineers, gearbox and transmission designers, bearing-and-gear manufacturers, tribology and strength-analysis specialists, test laboratories and academic researchers working on gear strength, pitting and fatigue. It is also implemented in engineering calculation software and referenced in technical literature on gear design and durability.

Related standards

Key referenced and related standards include: GOST 13755-81 (basic rack / interchangeability), GOST 16530-83 and GOST 16531-83 (terms and symbols for gears), GOST 1643-81 (gear accuracy), material standards (e.g., GOST 1435, GOST 4543, GOST 5639), and later international/industry equivalents such as ISO 6336 (calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears) and AGMA calculation standards. The GOST itself replaces GOST 21354-75.

Keywords

GOST 21354-87, cylindrical gears, involute gears, external engagement, strength calculation, contact stress, bending stress, pitting, tooth root, dynamic factor, load distribution, module, gear design, GOST 13755.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: GOST 21354-87 is the Soviet-era national standard that defines methods for strength calculation of involute cylindrical gears in external engagement — covering both contact (surface/pitting) strength and bending (tooth root) strength.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers calculation formulae, coefficient tables, nomograms and procedural rules for assessing gear tooth contact and bending stresses, plus guidance on corrective factors for load distribution, dynamics, hardness and material properties for gears with module ≥ 1 mm and typical oil lubrication at peripheral speeds up to 25 m/s.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Mechanical and gearbox designers, manufacturing engineers, standards specialists, reliability engineers and researchers who need a normative method for strength calculation of cylindrical gears — particularly in regions or applications that reference GOST documents. Engineering software and technical literature on gear calculation also use the standard’s methods.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: GOST 21354-87 is the 1987 edition that replaced GOST 21354-75 and was introduced into force 1 January 1989. Many engineering references still cite it; however, users should verify current national adoption or any more recent national/regional updates (e.g., GOST R variants or adoption of ISO/AGMA methods) with the relevant standards body or catalog — national status can change after periodic reviews.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — it belongs to a family of gear-related GOSTs (geometry, terminology, accuracy, material classes, basic rack) and is cross-referenced with documents such as GOST 13755-81, GOST 16530-83/16531-83 and GOST 1643-81. It replaces the earlier GOST 21354-75.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Cylindrical involute gears, contact strength, bending strength, pitting, tooth root stress, dynamic factor, load distribution, module, GOST 21354-87, gear calculation.