ISO 19702-2024 PDF

Full title and description

ISO 19702:2024 — Sampling and analysis of toxic gases and vapours in fire effluents using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Provides requirements and recommendations for sampling systems, FTIR instrument selection and parameter settings, calibration-spectrum collection, and quality controls to analyse gaseous species produced in small- and large‑scale fire tests for toxicity assessment, yield calculation and fire-characterization studies.

Abstract

This International Standard specifies principles of sampling and methods for the individual analysis, by FTIR spectroscopy, of airborne volume fractions of key species in fire effluents (for example CO, CO₂, HCN, HCl, HBr, NO, NO₂ and acrolein). It gives requirements and recommendations for sampling-system design and operation, FTIR instrument parameters, calibration methods, and routine cleaning/servicing and operational checks. The methods are intended to produce data for combustion toxicity assessment (including as an alternative or complement to biological studies), yield calculations, mathematical modelling, validation of numerical fire models and comparative characterisation of effluents from different test scales. The document notes limitations (for example potential saturation of spectral lines at high concentrations depending on optical path length) and indicates that, with suitable sampling, many other gaseous species (e.g. HF, SO₂) can be analysed by FTIR.

General information

• Status: Published
• Publication date: 19 December 2024
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• ICS / categories: 13.220.01 (Protection against fire in general / fire testing and analysis)
• Edition / version: Edition 3 (ed. 3.0)
• Number of pages: 68

Scope

Specifies requirements and recommendations for sampling systems used in small‑scale and large‑scale fire tests, selection of FTIR instrument parameters, and collection and use of calibration spectra. Defines procedures to measure concentrations of specific gaseous species in fire effluents to support toxicity assessments, yield calculations, exposure condition-setting for biological tests, monitoring of biological tests, mathematical modelling of hazard to life, comparative characterisation across test scales, and validation of numerical fire models. Not intended to override specific requirements in other published fire test methods that themselves prescribe FTIR sampling and analysis.

Key topics and requirements

• Design, installation and maintenance recommendations for sampling systems used with FTIR in fire tests.
• Selection of FTIR instrument parameters (optical path length, resolution, detector considerations) appropriate to expected concentration ranges.
• Calibration procedures and use of calibration spectra for quantitative analysis.
• Species specifically addressed: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and acrolein; guidance for additional species (e.g. HF, SO₂) where applicable.
• Attention to spectral-line saturation risks at high concentrations and recommendations to avoid measurement errors (adjust path length, dilution, etc.).
• Guidance on instrument cleaning, servicing, performance checks and routine quality assurance/quality control.
• Recommendations for data treatment, uncertainty assessment and reporting to support comparability and use in toxicity and modelling studies.
• Safety and operational considerations for sampling from live fire tests and hot, corrosive gas streams.

Typical use and users

Used by fire testing laboratories, fire safety researchers, materials and product manufacturers performing reaction‑to‑fire and toxicity testing, certification bodies, regulatory authorities, and engineers conducting fire hazard modelling. Typical applications include cone calorimeter and steady‑state tube furnace tests, large‑scale fire tests, validation of numerical fire models, and setting/monitoring exposure conditions for biological toxicology studies.

Related standards

Replaces ISO 19702:2015 (previous edition). Closely related standards and technical specifications include ISO 19701 (methods for sampling and analysis of fire effluents), ISO/TS 19700 (steady‑state tube furnace methods for hazardous components of fire effluents), ISO/TS 21397 (FTIR analysis in cone calorimeter tests), ISO 5660‑5 (reaction‑to‑fire tests under reduced oxygen), and other fire‑safety and effluent‑toxicity standards (for example certain IEC and EN standards addressing fire effluent toxicity and test methods). The document is produced under ISO/TC 92/SC 3 (fire safety engineering and testing).

Keywords

FTIR, Fourier Transform Infrared, fire effluent, fire gas analysis, sampling, calibration, toxic gases, CO, CO₂, HCN, HCl, HBr, NO, NO₂, acrolein, HF, SO₂, fire testing, toxicity assessment, fire modelling, ISO 19702

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 19702:2024 is an international standard that provides guidance and requirements for sampling and analysing toxic gases and vapours in fire effluents using FTIR spectroscopy.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers sampling‑system recommendations, FTIR instrument parameter selection, calibration and quality‑control methods, procedures to quantify specific gaseous species in fire effluents, and considerations for applying results in toxicity assessment, yield calculations and fire modelling.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Fire test laboratories, research organisations, product/material manufacturers, certification bodies, safety engineers and regulators involved in fire testing, toxicity evaluation and fire‑hazard modelling.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: Current — ISO 19702:2024 was published on 19 December 2024 and replaces the 2015 edition of ISO 19702.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It sits alongside related ISO documents on fire effluent sampling and analysis (for example ISO 19701 and ISO/TS 19700) and is produced by ISO technical committee ISO/TC 92 (fire safety). It is commonly used together with other test method specifications (cone calorimeter, steady‑state tube furnace, etc.).

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: FTIR, fire effluent, fire gas analysis, sampling, calibration, toxic gases, CO, CO₂, HCN, HCl, HBr, NOx, acrolein, toxicity assessment.