GOST 20243-74 PDF

Full title and description

GOST 20243-74 — Power transformers. Methods of short-circuit tests (Russian: ГОСТ 20243-74. Трансформаторы силовые. Методы испытаний на стойкость при коротком замыкании). The standard establishes required methods and procedures for carrying out short-circuit (withstand) tests on power transformers to verify their mechanical and thermal stability under short-circuit conditions.

Abstract

GOST 20243-74 specifies preparation, test-program content, measurement and evaluation methods for short-circuit tests on power transformers (single-phase and three-phase) used to confirm design strength and operational safety when subjected to short-circuit currents. It defines required technical documentation, instrumentation and acceptance criteria for mechanical and thermal performance during and after tests.

General information

• Status: Active (in force / действует).
• Publication date: Introduced 01 January 1976 (approved 8 October 1974).
• Publisher: Approved by the USSR State Committee for Standards (Gosstandart); present-day references are maintained in national standards collections.
• ICS / categories: 29.180 (Electrical machinery and equipment).
• Edition / version: Original designation ГОСТ 20243-74 (text introduced 1976) with integrated amendments (examples: Amend. №1 — 1980; Amend. №2 — 1986; Amend. №3 — 1988).
• Number of pages: 14 pages (text length as published).

Scope

The standard applies to power transformers of general purpose: single‑phase transformers with ratings from 4 kVA and above and three‑phase transformers with ratings from 6.3 kVA and above. It sets out methods for performing short‑circuit withstand (durability) tests used to check the transformer’s structural and thermal resistance to short‑circuit currents.

Key topics and requirements

• Requirements for preparatory documentation and factory data needed before testing (nameplate data, design calculations, winding drawings, acceptance test results).
• Definition of test programme: connection schemes, short‑circuit application, sequence of measurements and duration of tests.
• Instrumentation and measurement methods for currents, voltages, temperatures and forces (electrodynamic and thermal effects).
• Acceptance criteria and assessment of post‑test mechanical integrity and electrical characteristics.
• Requirements for reporting test results and retaining evidence for certification and quality control.

Typical use and users

Used by transformer manufacturers (factory acceptance testing), independent high‑current test laboratories, utilities and grid operators, certification bodies and engineering departments responsible for transformer design verification and conformity. It is also used when preparing technical specifications and type‑testing programs for new transformer designs.

Related standards

Related and cross‑referenced standards include earlier sections of ГОСТ 3484 (methods for transformer testing), international equivalents such as IEC 60076‑5 (electrodynamic and short‑circuit strength tests for power transformers), and later national standards addressing transformer short‑circuit strength (for example, GOST R/industry‑specific documents). The standard partly replaces or complements earlier provisions in ГОСТ 3484‑65 (in its relevant sections).

Keywords

Power transformers; short‑circuit tests; short‑circuit withstand; electrodynamic tests; thermal tests; transformer testing; ГОСТ 20243‑74; transformer durability.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: GOST 20243-74 is a national (USSR / CIS) standard titled "Power transformers. Methods of short-circuit tests" that defines how to perform and evaluate short‑circuit (withstand) tests on power transformers.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers test preparation, required documentation, test programmes and measurement methods for assessing mechanical and thermal behavior of transformers under short‑circuit conditions, plus reporting and acceptance criteria.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Transformer manufacturers, independent high‑current test laboratories, utilities, certification bodies and design engineers use the standard for type testing and verification of transformer short‑circuit resistance.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The document ГОСТ 20243‑74 is listed as active/in force in current standards collections, though later national standards and technical regulations (and international standards such as IEC 60076‑5) address related test methods; users should check whether newer national or industry‑specific normative documents are required for a given project or certification.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — it is part of the body of standards covering power transformer testing and is cross‑referenced with other ГОСТ/ГОСТ‑R standards and IEC documents that together define comprehensive test methods for transformers (for example, other parts of ГОСТ 3484, ГОСТ 11677 series and IEC 60076 series).

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Power transformer, short‑circuit test, withstand, electrodynamic test, mechanical strength, thermal endurance, ГОСТ 20243‑74.