IEC TR 61869-102-2014 PDF

Full title and description

Instrument transformers - Part 102: Ferroresonance oscillations in substations with inductive voltage transformers. This IEC Technical Report (TR 61869-102:2014) provides technical information to understand ferroresonance phenomena that can occur in medium- and high-voltage networks in connection with inductive voltage (potential) transformers, and the potential damage and operational issues that may result.

Abstract

IEC/TR 61869-102:2014 explains the ferroresonance phenomenon affecting substations containing inductive voltage transformers: the conditions that can trigger oscillations, typical voltage and waveform behaviour, examples and case studies, modelling considerations and recommended measures for detection, prevention and mitigation to reduce risk to transformers and associated equipment. The guidance is intended to support designers, operators and testers in identifying and managing ferroresonance in MV and HV installations.

General information

• Status: Current / Valid (technical report published and listed as valid by national bodies).
• Publication date: 21 January 2014.
• Publisher: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), TC 38 (Instrument transformers).
• ICS / categories: 17.220.20 (Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities).
• Edition / version: Edition 1.0 (2014).
• Number of pages: 55 pages (IEC Webstore bibliographic record).

Scope

Provides technical information for understanding ferroresonance oscillations occurring in medium-voltage and high-voltage networks when inductive voltage transformers are present. The report describes the physical mechanisms, practical examples of occurrences, conditions that promote ferroresonance, modelling and simulation considerations, diagnostic observations, and practical recommendations for avoidance, mitigation and testing in substation configurations. It also notes that ferroresonance can occur with other non-linear inductive components.

Key topics and requirements

• Definition and characteristics of ferroresonance in networks with inductive voltage transformers.
• Typical triggering conditions and substation configurations that increase risk (switching operations, single-phase connections, capacitances in network, transformer nonlinear inductance).
• Modelling and simulation approaches for predicting ferroresonance behaviour and safe operating regions.
• Diagnostic signatures (waveform distortion, sustained overvoltages, unusual oscillatory behaviour) and recommended measurement practices.
• Mitigation and prevention measures: system and transformer design recommendations, switching and earthing practices, damping and protective devices, and operational procedures.
• Case studies and practical examples illustrating occurrences and countermeasures.

Typical use and users

Primary users are utility engineers, substation designers, instrument transformer manufacturers, protection and control engineers, testing laboratories, consulting engineers and researchers working on power-system transients and insulation coordination. The report is used to inform design choices, commissioning and diagnostic procedures, and to develop mitigation strategies for substations that use inductive voltage transformers.

Related standards

Related documents include other parts of the IEC 61869 series (instrument transformers) and relevant standards on insulation coordination and transformer testing. Cross-references noted in bibliographic listings include IEC 61869-3, IEC 61869-5 and other related IEC publications such as IEC 60071‑1; the report complements these technical standards by addressing ferroresonance-specific phenomena and practical mitigation.

Keywords

ferroresonance, inductive voltage transformer, potential transformer, instrument transformer, substation, oscillations, overvoltage, mitigation, MV, HV, modelling, TC 38.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: IEC/TR 61869-102:2014 is a Technical Report that provides guidance and technical information about ferroresonance oscillations in substations where inductive voltage transformers are used. It is not a normative performance standard but a guidance document to help understand and manage the phenomenon.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers the nature and causes of ferroresonance, typical triggering conditions, diagnostic signatures, modelling and simulation approaches, practical case examples, and recommended mitigation and prevention measures for MV and HV substations with inductive voltage transformers.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Utilities, substation designers, transformer and instrument transformer manufacturers, protection and control engineers, test laboratories, consultants and researchers use the report to inform safe design, commissioning, testing and operational practices.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The report was published 21 January 2014 (Edition 1.0). It is listed as a current/valid Technical Report in national catalogs; users should check national standards bodies or the IEC Webstore for any later amendments, corrigenda or updated guidance.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — it is part of the IEC 61869 series on instrument transformers (IEC 61869‑1 and related parts). TR 61869‑102 is a part‑specific technical report addressing ferroresonance within the broader instrument‑transformer series.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Ferroresonance; inductive voltage transformer; instrument transformers; substations; oscillations; overvoltage; mitigation; MV/HV networks; modelling.