SAE ARP7094-2025 PDF

Full title and description

SAE ARP7094-2025 — Recommended Practice for Using Modeling and Simulation for Certification of Aircraft, Products, and Systems. This Aerospace Recommended Practice defines a structured process and guidance for using modeling and simulation (M&S) as a method of compliance for type certification, with particular emphasis on Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft, products, and systems.

Abstract

ARP7094 establishes principles, evidence expectations, and a substantiation workflow for employing M&S in certification activities when traditional testing alone is insufficient or impracticable. The document addresses validation and verification (V&V) of models, uncertainty quantification, data and configuration management, and roles/responsibilities for producing regulator-acceptable demonstration packages. The ARP explicitly clarifies exclusions (for example, it does not address structural design modeling, EMI/EMC certification, or flight simulation training device qualifications as a substitute for required substantiation).

General information

• Status: Current / Active.
• Publication date: February 25, 2025.
• Publisher: SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers).
• ICS / categories: 49.020 — Aircraft and space vehicles in general.
• Edition / version: ARP7094 — 2025 edition.
• Number of pages: 35 pages.

Scope

This ARP provides guidance for the use of modeling and simulation for type certification of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft, products, and systems, while remaining applicable to other aircraft types and associated products and systems where M&S is proposed as a method of compliance. The ARP is not intended for qualification of flight simulation training devices or pilot certification; if a qualified FSTD is proposed in a certification package, it must itself be substantiated to meet the related requirements. Structural design/modeling and EMI/EMC certification are outside the scope of this document.

Key topics and requirements

• Framework for using M&S as an acceptable method of compliance for certification.
• Model validation and verification (V&V) practices, including evidence expectations and traceability.
• Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis to support confidence in simulation results.
• Data management, configuration control, and documentation required for regulator review.
• Definition of roles, responsibilities, and acceptance criteria for models and simulation tools.
• Special considerations for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) concepts and complex/novel technologies.
• Clear exclusions and boundaries (e.g., structural modeling and EMI/EMC are not covered).

Typical use and users

Used by aircraft OEM certification teams, systems and software engineers, simulation and model developers, verification and validation (V&V) specialists, certification authorities and regulators, system safety engineers, and test organizations preparing M&S-based compliance packages for type certification—particularly in AAM and other novel aircraft programs.

Related standards

Commonly referenced and complementary documents include SAE ARP4761 (safety assessment guidance), SAE ARP4754(A) (system development processes), RTCA/DO-178C (airborne software considerations), DO-254 (airborne electronic hardware), and quality/management system standards such as AS9100. ARP7094 is intended to be used in conjunction with these established certification and safety standards where applicable.

Keywords

modeling and simulation, M&S, certification, Advanced Air Mobility, AAM, verification and validation, uncertainty quantification, substantiation, SAE ARP7094, method of compliance

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: SAE ARP7094-2025 is an Aerospace Recommended Practice that provides guidance and a process for using modeling and simulation as a method of compliance for aircraft, product, and system certification—with emphasis on Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) applications.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers the recommended approach for model development, verification and validation, uncertainty treatment, data and configuration management, documentation, and evidence packages intended to demonstrate regulatory compliance when M&S is used in lieu of or in support of testing.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Aircraft OEMs, systems and software engineers, simulation developers, V&V teams, certification managers, system safety engineers, and regulatory reviewers dealing with certification programs that rely on modeling and simulation.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: It is current — published in 2025 (February 25, 2025) and active as the 2025 edition.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: ARP7094 is an SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice and is intended to be used alongside other SAE and industry standards (for example ARP4754(A), ARP4761, DO-178C, DO-254) that address system development, safety assessment, and software/hardware assurance.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Modeling and simulation (M&S), verification & validation (V&V), uncertainty quantification, substantiation, Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), certification, SAE ARP7094.