ISO 19403-6-2024 PDF

Full title and description

ISO 19403-6:2024 — Paints and varnishes — Wettability — Part 6: Measurement of dynamic advancing and receding angle by changing the volume of a drop. This international standard defines an optical test method to determine dynamic contact angles (advancing and receding) by controlled variation of a liquid drop volume on a solid surface and provides requirements for measurement, data reporting and interpretation for coatings, substrates and related materials.

Abstract

This document specifies a method to measure the dynamic contact angle using an optical drop-shape/imagery method in which the volume of a sessile drop is increased and decreased to obtain the dynamic advancing and receding contact angles. The measured advancing and receding angles characterise wetting and dewetting behaviour and can be used to assess the morphological and chemical homogeneity of solid–liquid interfaces. The procedure includes instrumentation requirements, test conditions, measurement sequence and recommendations for reporting results and uncertainty.

General information

• Status: Published (current)
• Publication date: 18 October 2024
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• ICS / categories: 87.040 — Paints and varnishes
• Edition / version: Edition 2 (2024)
• Number of pages: 11

Scope

ISO 19403-6:2024 specifies an optical method for measuring dynamic advancing and receding contact angles by varying the volume of a liquid drop resting on a solid surface. The standard is intended for characterization of substrates, coatings and coating materials where dynamic wetting behaviour is relevant (for example adhesion, coating spreading, cleaning and anti-soiling performance). It defines test conditions, sample preparation notes, measurement sequence (volume increase/decrease), instrumentation and required reporting. Limitations and applicability notes are provided for materials and liquids where special behaviours (very high volatility, rapid absorption, strong evaporation, or pronounced non-Newtonian flow) may affect results.

Key topics and requirements

• Principle: determination of dynamic advancing and receding contact angles by controlled change in drop volume with optical imaging.
• Instrumentation: optical imaging / drop-shape analysis systems capable of controlled volume change and angle extraction.
• Test procedure: drop deposition, controlled volume increase to measure advancing angle, controlled volume decrease to measure receding angle, repeat cycles and equilibration.
• Environmental and test conditions: temperature, humidity, substrate orientation and conditioning requirements.
• Data treatment and reporting: how angles are derived from images, recommended averaging, number of repeats and presentation of results (advancing/receding, hysteresis).
• Uncertainty and repeatability: guidance to estimate measurement uncertainty and assess repeatability between runs and instruments.
• Applicability and limitations: notes on volatile liquids, porous substrates, strongly absorbing or non-Newtonian fluids and suggestions for alternative methods where appropriate.

Typical use and users

Used by coatings and adhesive formulators, surface scientists, quality control and testing laboratories, instrument manufacturers, academic researchers and R&D groups assessing wetting, adhesion potential, surface treatments, contamination and surface homogeneity. Typical applications include formulation development, incoming substrate inspection, process control and comparative R&D studies of coating/substrate combinations.

Related standards

ISO 19403 is a multipart series on wettability and related optical test methods. Closely related parts include ISO 19403-1 (vocabulary and general principles), ISO 19403-2 (surface free energy by contact angle), ISO 19403-3 (surface tension by pendant drop), ISO 19403-4 and -5 (polar and dispersive fraction determinations) and ISO 19403-7 (contact angle on a tilt stage / roll-off angle). ISO 4618 (coating terminology) is also commonly used alongside the series for consistent terminology.

Keywords

dynamic contact angle, advancing angle, receding angle, contact angle hysteresis, wettability, drop volume method, drop-shape analysis, coatings, surface energy, optical measurement

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 19403-6:2024 is an international standard that specifies an optical method to measure dynamic advancing and receding contact angles by changing the volume of a liquid drop on a solid surface.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers the measurement principle, instrumentation requirements, test sequence (volume increase/decrease), environmental and sample-conditioning requirements, data treatment, reporting and guidance on limitations and uncertainty for dynamic contact-angle measurements.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Coatings and adhesive formulators, surface-technology laboratories, quality-control teams, instrument manufacturers, and academic researchers studying wetting, adhesion and surface treatments.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: ISO 19403-6:2024 is the current edition (Edition 2, published 18 October 2024). It replaces the earlier 2017 edition (ISO 19403-6:2017), which has been withdrawn.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — it is part of the ISO 19403 series (Paints and varnishes — Wettability), which comprises multiple parts covering vocabulary, contact-angle measurement methods, surface free energy and related optical techniques.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Dynamic contact angle, advancing angle, receding angle, contact angle hysteresis, wettability, drop volume method, drop-shape analysis, surface energy, coatings.