IEEE Std 86-1987 PDF

Full title and description

IEEE Recommended Practice: Definitions of Basic Per-Unit Quantities for AC Rotating Machines — Recommended practice that defines standard base quantities and notation for per‑unit systems applied to alternating‑current rotating electrical machines, including alternate per‑unit definitions for induction motors and an example of an induction generator.

Abstract

This recommended practice establishes uniform definitions and selection guidance for base values used in per‑unit systems for AC rotating machines. It documents conventional base choices (rated apparent output or input power) and provides alternate definitions useful for system analysts and designers, with examples illustrating application to synchronous machines, induction motors, and an induction generator. The revision formalizes a consistent generic model to improve comparability of machine parameters and simplify calculations in design and system analysis.

General information

• Status: Inactive / Withdrawn (withdrawn from active status).
• Publication date: 16 February 1987 (Board approval: 19 June 1986; ANSI approval recorded 1 January 1989).
• Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
• ICS / categories: Rotating machinery — ICS 29.160 (rotating electrical machines / general).
• Edition / version: IEEE Std 86-1987 (revision following earlier 1975 edition).
• Number of pages: 14 pages (published PDF length as distributed by IEEE / standards resellers).

Scope

This recommended practice defines the basic per‑unit quantities, symbols, and conventions to be used for AC rotating electrical machines. It covers recommended base choices for power, voltage, current and impedance, methods to convert between systems, guidance for selection of base values for different machine types (synchronous generators, synchronous motors, induction motors), and illustrative examples including an induction generator. It is intended for application where a consistent per‑unit representation of machine parameters improves clarity of analysis and comparison.

Key topics and requirements

• Standard definitions of base quantities (power, voltage, current, impedance) used in per‑unit systems for AC rotating machines.
• Guidance on choosing base power (apparent input or output) depending on machine type and analysis needs.
• Alternate per‑unit definitions for induction motors using input volt‑amperes as base power.
• Notation and symbol recommendations to promote consistency across publications and calculations.
• Worked examples showing application to synchronous machines, induction motors, and an induction generator.
• Conversion methods between different per‑unit base selections to ensure comparability of reported parameters.

Typical use and users

Used by electrical machine designers, power‑system analysts, test laboratories, university instructors, and standards developers to define and apply consistent per‑unit representations of machine data. Typical tasks include parameter normalization for system studies, comparison of machine impedances and ratings, preparation of test reports, and educational demonstrations of per‑unit methodology.

Related standards

Relevant companion and later standards/guides include IEEE Test and Guide documents for rotating machines (for example IEEE Guide/Test procedures for synchronous machines and other rotating‑machine test codes), and international IEC/IEC 60034 series on rotating electrical machines. IEEE Std 86-1975 is the earlier edition revised by the 1987 practice; later IEEE and IEC documents on rotating machinery testing, rating, and performance are commonly used alongside this practice.

Keywords

per‑unit, per unit, base quantities, AC rotating machines, synchronous machine, induction motor, induction generator, base power, normalization, impedance, IEEE Std 86-1987

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: IEEE Std 86-1987 is a recommended practice that defines standard base quantities and conventions for per‑unit systems applied to AC rotating electrical machines, to promote uniformity in notation and calculation.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers selection and definition of base power, voltage, current and impedance for per‑unit systems, alternate definitions for induction motors (using input VA), conversion methods between base choices, notation, and examples including an induction generator.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Electrical machine designers, power‑system analysts, test engineers, educators, and standards practitioners who need a consistent per‑unit framework for machine data and comparative studies.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: IEEE Std 86-1987 is listed as inactive/withdrawn (withdrawn from active status in December 1992). It revised the 1975 edition at the time of publication; users should consult current IEEE and IEC rotating‑machine standards and guides for up‑to‑date test procedures and requirements.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It sits among IEEE publications covering rotating electrical machines and is related conceptually to test and guide standards (for example IEEE test codes and IEEE guide documents) and to the IEC 60034 series for rotating electrical machines. It follows and updates the earlier IEEE 86-1975 practice.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Per‑unit, base quantities, AC rotating machines, synchronous, induction, per unit conversion, base power, IEEE 86-1987.