ASTM D95-23e1 PDF

Full title and description

ASTM D95-23e1 — Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation. This procedure describes a laboratory distillation technique for determining the volume (or weight) percentage of water present in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials in the approximate range 0 % to 25 % by volume.

Abstract

ASTM D95-23e1 specifies apparatus, solvents, sample preparation, and procedural steps for the distillation recovery of water from petroleum and bituminous samples. The method includes guidance on apparatus verification, trap sizes, calculation and reporting of results, and safety considerations. The e1 designation indicates an editorial change to the 2023 revision.

General information

• Status: Active standard (current edition D95-23e1).
• Publication date: Approved October 1, 2023; published October 2023. Document record shows a subsequent update entry dated October 25, 2024.
• Publisher: ASTM International (standard developed under ASTM Committee D02 with joint input/co-copyright with the American Petroleum Institute).
• ICS / categories: 75.140 — Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products.
• Edition / version: D95-23e1 (2023, editorial revision e1).
• Number of pages: 6 pages (concise test method document).

Scope

This test method covers determination of water in the range from 0 % to 25 % by volume in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials by the classical distillation technique. It identifies specific product categories considered in development, notes limitations (for example, volatile water‑soluble materials may be measured as water), and points users to alternate methods for specialized matrices (for example, Test Method D4006 for crude oils or D244 for bituminous emulsions).

Key topics and requirements

• Range and applicability: determination of water content 0–25 % by volume in petroleum and bituminous materials.
• Apparatus: specified distillation apparatus and traps verified for intended trap size and recovery; reference to specification for apparatus where appropriate.
• Solvents and reagents: lists acceptable carrier solvents and handling/compatibility guidance.
• Sampling and sample handling: guidance referencing established sampling practices to ensure representative analysis.
• Procedure: stepwise distillation and collection of condensate, including trap sizing and choice of measurement (volume or weight) and blank/verification procedures.
• Precision and accuracy: reporting to nearest 0.05 % or 0.1 % by volume depending on trap size and procedural details; notes on sources of error and interferences (volatile water‑soluble materials, emulsions).
• Calculations and reporting: methods to convert collected water to % volume (and optionally weight), and recommended reporting format for laboratory and custody-transfer uses.
• Safety and environmental considerations: hazard awareness for volatile solvents and heated apparatus; user responsibility to follow appropriate safety regulations.

Typical use and users

Used by analytical laboratories in refineries, fuel and lubricant producers, asphalt and bitumen manufacturers, pipeline and terminal laboratories, inspection and testing laboratories, and quality control personnel. Common applications include routine QC, contract acceptance testing, custody‑transfer adjustments where water content affects volume, troubleshooting of emulsions or water contamination, and regulatory or specification conformance testing.

Related standards

Commonly referenced and complementary standards include: Test Method D4006 (water in crude oil by distillation), Test Method D1796 (water and sediment by centrifuge), Test Method D244 (bituminous emulsions), Practices for sampling such as D4057 and D4177, handling practice D5854, and apparatus/specification standards referenced in related sections. The method is maintained under ASTM Committee D02 (Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants) and aligns with API measurement practices where noted.

Keywords

water content, distillation, petroleum products, bituminous materials, tars, D95, volumetric water, trap size, sample handling, custody transfer

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM D95-23e1 is the ASTM International standard test method that defines a distillation procedure to determine water content in petroleum products and bituminous materials (0–25 % by volume).

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers required apparatus and reagents, sample preparation and handling, the distillation and collection procedure, calculation and reporting of water content, precision expectations, and relevant safety notes. It also indicates when alternate methods are preferred for specific product types.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Analytical and quality control laboratories in refineries, fuel/oil producers, asphalt and bitumen producers, pipeline/terminal testing facilities, inspection bodies, and anyone needing to quantify water for quality, contractual, or custody‑transfer purposes.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The current published edition is D95-23e1 (approved October 1, 2023; editorial update e1). It supersedes prior editions such as earlier D95 revisions. Users should check for any later amendments or corrigenda before relying on the method for regulatory or contractual work.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: D95 is part of the suite of ASTM petroleum and bituminous test standards maintained by Committee D02; it is cross-referenced with related methods (D4006, D1796, D244, sampling practices D4057/D4177) and is used alongside API measurement practices where applicable.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Key keywords include water content, distillation, petroleum products, bituminous materials, D95, trap size, volumetric percentage, tars, and laboratory test method.